PPP Stage 3
Transaction
Overview
The PPP transaction involves drafting the PPP contract and managing the PPP transaction to select a competent private party to deliver the project. The PPP contract is critical for making the project gender responsive as it defines what is expected from the private party and how the private party will get remunerated throughout the project duration.
The PPP contract
The PPP contract drafting is a critical stage for making a project gender responsive, since the PPP contract defines what is expected from the private party and how the private party will get remunerated throughout the project duration. The PPP contract should clearly specify (and therefore make legally enforceable) the gender responsive features, performance, activities, plans, and codes of conduct that are required for the project.
In the transport sector, for instance, women are generally more likely than men to take multipurpose trips by grouping activities, to use public transport or travel on foot, to travel during off-peak hours, and to avoid traveling at night. As a result of these different uses and needs, women and men may have different priorities for infrastructure.
An effective method for including gender-related specifications in a PPP contract involves pulling all specifications from the project’s gender action plan, identifying which part of the contract each item fits in, and integrating each item in the contract to give them legal effect.
Best practices
Some of the best practices for integrating gender aspects in PPP contracts include defining gender responsive performance indicators for the project construction and operation, setting commitments for gender responsive employment and procurement, and linking payments to performance requirements against gender-related targets and plans, among others.
PPP transaction
Managing a PPP transaction involves selecting a competent private party that will implement the PPP and identify the most effective and efficient way to deliver the project. Gender responsive transaction management involves:
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Setting gender-related qualification and evaluation criteria and providing comprehensive information on gender aspects in the tender documents. These measures will ensure the private party has the capacity to meet the project’s gender responsive requirements.
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Designing a procurement framework that accounts for the unique challenges that women owned businesses face when engaging in the procurement process. An inclusive procurement framework will encourage women-owned businesses to bid and contribute to closing gender gaps.
Explore the executive summary and list of tables, figures, and boxes within this module.
PPP Stage 3: Transaction
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Figure 3.1
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Figure 3.2
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Figure 3.3
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Figure 3.4
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Figure 3.5
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Figure 3.6
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Figure 3.7
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Figure 3.8
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Example 3.1
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Example 3.2
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Example 3.3
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Example 3.4
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Example 3.5
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Example 3.6
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Table 3.1
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Table 3.2
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Table 3.3
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- ADB Asian Development Bank
- PPIAF Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
- AFDB African Development Bank
- PPP Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
- CSO Community Service Organization
- UN United Nations
- ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
- UNFPA The United Nations Population Fund
- GAP Gender Action Plan
- UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
- GBV Gender-Based Violence
- UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services
- IDB Inter-American Development Bank
- USP Unsolicited proposal
- IFC International Finance Corporation
- VFM Value-for-money
- IFI International Financial Institution
- MDB Multilateral Development Bank
- NGO Non-Governmental Organization
Care economy:
the sector of economic activities, both paid and unpaid, related to the provision of social and material care. It includes care for children, the elderly, and the disabled, health care, education as well as other personal services, all of which contribute to nurturing and supporting present and future populations.1
Feasibility study:
a full feasibility study (also referred to as a business case) is a detailed investigation of the project. It assesses the technical, financial, and legal feasibility of a proposed project, whether the project satisfies a public need and is a good public investment decision based on an economic viability analysis (cost-benefit analysis), as well as whether it is environmentally and socially sustainable.2
(Applying/using a) Gender lens:
an approach to identify and examine gendered differences in the development and implementation of processes, procedures, and practices, enabling users to better understand and assess the importance and impact of these differences. Using a gender lens means focusing on how prevailing cultural norms and attitudes about people’s gender identity and expression affects how they are seen, or not seen, impacting on their opportunities, access to and ownership of resources, and their capacity to enjoy and exercise their human rights.
Gender action plan:
a time-bound plan that lays out the goals, activities of the project, and related responsible persons and costs for closing the gaps in outcomes for both women and men. These activities could be a part of the core development, building and operations of a project, or they could be part of the social engagement angle of the project, designed to provide the fullest benefit to the community.3
Gender analysis:
a socio-economic analysis of gender relations that provides information about the different conditions of women and men, and the different effects that projects may have on them.4 Gender analysis highlights the differences between and among women, men, girls, and boys in terms of their relative distribution of resources, opportunities, constraints, and power in a given context.5
Gender-based violence:
violence that is directed against a person on the basis of gender. Gender-based violence constitutes a breach of the fundamental right to life, liberty, security, dignity, equality between women and men, non-discrimination, and physical and mental integrity.6
Gender blindness:
the failure to recognize that the roles, responsibilities, and behavior patterns of women and men are assigned to them in specific social, cultural, economic, and political contexts and backgrounds. Gender blind projects do not consider different roles and diverse needs and therefore might reinforce gender inequalities. By deliberately or inadvertently disregarding gender as a significant factor in interactions or allocations of resources between people, gender-blind projects maintain the status quo and do not help transform the unequal structure of gender relations.7
Gender-certified businesses:
businesses that have demonstrated their commitment to gender equality and that have obtained a certification from an entity recognized for its specialization in assessing gender responsiveness in businesses.
Gender discriminatory project:
a project that reinforces harmful and negative gender norms and actively harms women and girls.
Gender equality:
refers to the equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities of women, men, girls, and boys. Gender equality concerns and fully engages all genders while recognizing that neither all men nor all women are a homogenous group.8
Gender gaps:
differences between the way women and men are treated in society; between what they do and achieve; and in their respective access to opportunities, resources, and services. ‘Closing gender gaps’ includes (but is not limited to) activities that contribute to: improving women’s human endowments (i.e. gaps in education and health outcomes); removing constraints for more and better jobs for women; addressing barriers to women’s ownership and control of assets; and enhancing women’s leadership, voice, and agency while engaging men and boys.
- 1. Open Canada (2018). Why Canadians should care about the global care economy. Accessed February 2023.
- 2. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) – A Primer. P.32
- 3. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 4. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 5. Agnes A. Babugura, Camila Villard Duran, Mariola Acosta & Júlia Ferraz (2023). Taking Gender Mainstreaming Seriously in Climate Finance
- 6. The World Bank (2023). Violence Against Women & Girls - Resource Guide Terminology
- 7. UNICEF, UNFPA, UNDP, UN Women. Gender Equality, United Nations (UN) Coherence and You. Definition featured in the United Nations Women Training Centre Gender Equality Glossary. Accessed 17 February 2023. https://trainingcentre.unwomen.org/ mod/glossary/
- 8. Agnes A. Babugura, Camila Villard Duran, Mariola Acosta & Júlia Ferraz (2023). Taking Gender Mainstreaming Seriously in Climate Finance
- 9. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13 10. European Institute for Gender Equality. Gender statistics and indicators
- 10. European Institute for Gender Equality. Gender statistics and indicators
- 11. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 12. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 13. United Nations Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. https://www.un-redd.org/ glossary/gender-sensitive
- 14. “Mainstreaming Gender in Infrastructure: Desk Review.” June 30, 2021. P 21.
- 15. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.32
- 16. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 17. UN Women (2017). The Power of Procurement: How to Source from Women-Owned Businesses—Corporate Guide to GenderResponsive Procurement.
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Figure 3.1
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Figure 3.2
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Figure 3.3
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Figure 3.4
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Figure 3.5
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Figure 3.6
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Figure 3.7
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Figure 3.8
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Example 3.1
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Example 3.2
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Example 3.3
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Example 3.4
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Example 3.5
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Example 3.6
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Table 3.1
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Table 3.2
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Table 3.3
- ADB Asian Development Bank
- PPIAF Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
- AFDB African Development Bank
- PPP Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
- CSO Community Service Organization
- UN United Nations
- ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
- UNFPA The United Nations Population Fund
- GAP Gender Action Plan
- UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
- GBV Gender-Based Violence
- UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services
- IDB Inter-American Development Bank
- USP Unsolicited proposal
- IFC International Finance Corporation
- VFM Value-for-money
- IFI International Financial Institution
- MDB Multilateral Development Bank
- NGO Non-Governmental Organization
Care economy:
the sector of economic activities, both paid and unpaid, related to the provision of social and material care. It includes care for children, the elderly, and the disabled, health care, education as well as other personal services, all of which contribute to nurturing and supporting present and future populations.1
Feasibility study:
a full feasibility study (also referred to as a business case) is a detailed investigation of the project. It assesses the technical, financial, and legal feasibility of a proposed project, whether the project satisfies a public need and is a good public investment decision based on an economic viability analysis (cost-benefit analysis), as well as whether it is environmentally and socially sustainable.2
(Applying/using a) Gender lens:
an approach to identify and examine gendered differences in the development and implementation of processes, procedures, and practices, enabling users to better understand and assess the importance and impact of these differences. Using a gender lens means focusing on how prevailing cultural norms and attitudes about people’s gender identity and expression affects how they are seen, or not seen, impacting on their opportunities, access to and ownership of resources, and their capacity to enjoy and exercise their human rights.
Gender action plan:
a time-bound plan that lays out the goals, activities of the project, and related responsible persons and costs for closing the gaps in outcomes for both women and men. These activities could be a part of the core development, building and operations of a project, or they could be part of the social engagement angle of the project, designed to provide the fullest benefit to the community.3
Gender analysis:
a socio-economic analysis of gender relations that provides information about the different conditions of women and men, and the different effects that projects may have on them.4 Gender analysis highlights the differences between and among women, men, girls, and boys in terms of their relative distribution of resources, opportunities, constraints, and power in a given context.5
Gender-based violence:
violence that is directed against a person on the basis of gender. Gender-based violence constitutes a breach of the fundamental right to life, liberty, security, dignity, equality between women and men, non-discrimination, and physical and mental integrity.6
Gender blindness:
the failure to recognize that the roles, responsibilities, and behavior patterns of women and men are assigned to them in specific social, cultural, economic, and political contexts and backgrounds. Gender blind projects do not consider different roles and diverse needs and therefore might reinforce gender inequalities. By deliberately or inadvertently disregarding gender as a significant factor in interactions or allocations of resources between people, gender-blind projects maintain the status quo and do not help transform the unequal structure of gender relations.7
Gender-certified businesses:
businesses that have demonstrated their commitment to gender equality and that have obtained a certification from an entity recognized for its specialization in assessing gender responsiveness in businesses.
Gender discriminatory project:
a project that reinforces harmful and negative gender norms and actively harms women and girls.
Gender equality:
refers to the equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities of women, men, girls, and boys. Gender equality concerns and fully engages all genders while recognizing that neither all men nor all women are a homogenous group.8
Gender gaps:
differences between the way women and men are treated in society; between what they do and achieve; and in their respective access to opportunities, resources, and services. ‘Closing gender gaps’ includes (but is not limited to) activities that contribute to: improving women’s human endowments (i.e. gaps in education and health outcomes); removing constraints for more and better jobs for women; addressing barriers to women’s ownership and control of assets; and enhancing women’s leadership, voice, and agency while engaging men and boys.
- 1. Open Canada (2018). Why Canadians should care about the global care economy. Accessed February 2023.
- 2. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) – A Primer. P.32
- 3. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 4. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 5. Agnes A. Babugura, Camila Villard Duran, Mariola Acosta & Júlia Ferraz (2023). Taking Gender Mainstreaming Seriously in Climate Finance
- 6. The World Bank (2023). Violence Against Women & Girls - Resource Guide Terminology
- 7. UNICEF, UNFPA, UNDP, UN Women. Gender Equality, United Nations (UN) Coherence and You. Definition featured in the United Nations Women Training Centre Gender Equality Glossary. Accessed 17 February 2023. https://trainingcentre.unwomen.org/ mod/glossary/
- 8. Agnes A. Babugura, Camila Villard Duran, Mariola Acosta & Júlia Ferraz (2023). Taking Gender Mainstreaming Seriously in Climate Finance
- 9. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13 10. European Institute for Gender Equality. Gender statistics and indicators
- 10. European Institute for Gender Equality. Gender statistics and indicators
- 11. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 12. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 13. United Nations Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. https://www.un-redd.org/ glossary/gender-sensitive
- 14. “Mainstreaming Gender in Infrastructure: Desk Review.” June 30, 2021. P 21.
- 15. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.32
- 16. The World Bank Group, IFC, PPIAF, Canada (2019). Gender Equality, Infrastructure, and PPPs – A Primer. P.13
- 17. UN Women (2017). The Power of Procurement: How to Source from Women-Owned Businesses—Corporate Guide to GenderResponsive Procurement.