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Risk allocation is at the centre of every PPP transaction, and a deep understanding of the risk allocation arrangements is a precondition to the drafting of every PPP agreement. Search below for guidance on typical risk allocation arrangements between public and private sectors in PPP transactions.

As part of its leading practices mandate, the GI Hub developed a set of annotated risk allocation matrices for PPP transactions, across the transport, energy and water and waste sectors. The PPP Risk Allocation Tool should be used to provide additional guidance to countries that wish to develop a programme of bankable PPP transactions.

An output specification is a technical specification that predominantly adopts performance-based requirements to define the project scope. This Reference Guide is designed to improve the global understanding of this subject to help governments provide their citizens with quality infrastructure assets and services.

Quality infrastructure has been a key G20 focus under the Japanese Presidency in 2019. The aim of this Reference Guide is to help governments and public sector asset managers to operationalise the dimensions of the quality infrastructure investment (QII) definition so that these are realised at the project level.

The Guide has been informed by examining how the QII dimensions have been included at contract level in 14 project case studies from a wide range of sectors and countries.

This Guidance Note is designed to assist governments interested in establishing, or reforming, a NIB or similar financing facility to target government policies and maximise the impact that infrastructure banks can have in delivering quality infrastructure projects, encouraging private investment and providing value for end users.

The Guidance Note on National Infrastructure Banks and Similar Financing Facilities was created to assist governments interested in establishing, or reforming, a National Infrastructure Bank or a similar financing facility (NIB) to target government policies and maximise the impact that infrastructure banks can have in:

• delivering quality infrastructure projects;
• encouraging private investment; and
• providing value for end users

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Inclusive Infrastructure is infrastructure development that enhances positive outcomes in social inclusivity, and ensures that no individual, community or social group is left behind or prevented from benefiting from improved infrastructure.

The Reference Tool on Inclusive Infrastructure and Social Equity presents a practical evidence-based framework for practitioners to maximise the impact of infrastructure investment on reducing inequality and promoting shared prosperity.

The framework details six Action Areas, or themes, related to infrastructure development, and provides related guidance under each, which are then illustrated by real-life examples, including the eight detailed case studies.